The movement process is powered by the effect of centrosome-associated motor proteins and various other proteinaceous components of the cell cytoplasm and microtubules. During prophase, movement of the centrosomes occurs.

Mitotic spindles initiate to get assembled, and thus mitotic spindles are formed. Two chromatids attached at the centromere can be seen in the prophase diagram in the chromosomes. Chromosome condensation occurs during the prophase. The characteristic features of the Prophase stage are as follows:įrom the prophase diagram, it can be seen that the compact mitotic chromosomes during prophase. Prophase occurs after the gap 2 phase of the interphase DNA synthesis and replication have already taken place. These centrioles move towards the opposite poles of the cell during Prophase. During the synthesis phase of the interphase, the centrioles are duplicated. The said DNA molecules get untangled during the process of chromatin condensation. New DNA molecules are synthesised in tangled form, and the nucleolus disappears during the prophase stage. Once more, the meiotic spindle is formed.ĭuring prophase, the initiation of condensation of chromosomal material occurs. The daughter cell releases its chromosomes once the membrane around its nucleus dissolves. The X-shaped structures can be seen under a microscope in each of the two daughter cells. Two new daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes, but the amount of DNA is still double. Each prophase consists of two distinct chromatids attached to the single centromere. The nuclear membrane disappears, and the formation of a spindle starts. The protein is then restricted to the centromere of the chromosome.Ĭhromosomes of prophase are represented as monovalent (two chromatids attached at the centromere).Īt the end of the prophase, spindle fibres also begin from polar caps in plant cells and the centrioles in animal cells. This protein helps in the formation of individual sister chromatids. The condensation of chromosomes is done mainly by a protein known as condensin. The genetic material begins condensation during this stage that continues until the next phase. Telophase: The spindle gets separated in this phase. Both nuclei move towards opposite poles inside a cell.Īnaphase: The sister chromatids get separated and attach to opposite poles with chromosomes. Spindle gets fully evolved, and the force to separate the cell from the spindle starts. Metaphase: Centromeres reach the layers of cells from inside. Prophase: The nucleolus starts vanishing, and the spindle fibres start developing. 1.) Prophase 2.) Meta phase 3.) Anaphase 4.) Telophase. This process is divided into four stages.

Cell partitions its nuclei in two halves. In this phase, a cell multiplies and aligns its chromosome to get separated into two cells.

This phase is the chromosome division process. Its size and organelles increase, prepare for DNA replication in other stages, and proceed to mitosis or cytokinesis after the last step. In the interphase, the changes start taking place in the cell. Interphase has three stages of cell division in itself G1, S, and G2 are the three phases. Interphase is the phase after the M phase that a cell has performed during its previous cell division. They differ by organelles present in cells and cells with nuclei land into two steps: 1.) Interphase and 2.) M phase. The daughter cells resulting from the cell cycle grow to form a parent cell and further contribute to cell division. When one cell (parent cell) divides into two or more daughter cells, it is called cell division. All these organelles perform different functions that are essential to life. Cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic and are composed of various organelles such as mitochondria, nucleus, plastid, ribosome, and cell membrane. The cell is the smallest unit of life, also considered the structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Prophase ii